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| Yom Kippur • Thursday, 10 Tishrei 5769 • Begins Wednesday, 8 October 2008 (light candles at 6:39 PM) |
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A a
Agudas Yisroel-Agudath Israel of America, the foremost organization of orthodox Jewry in the United States. A major aspect of its activity is the representation of orthodox Jewish interests before the government.
agunah — a woman whose husband had disappeared, and who could not remarry without witnesses to his death, hence a “bound” woman
ahavah shel achvah — brotherly love Ahavas HaEmes — Love of the Truth ahavas hakesef — love of money ahavas Hashem — G‑d’s love ahavat ta’anugot — hedonism
airusin — betrothal; engagement aizen — well-founded; incontrovertible akama — quite a number akedah — binding Akedah (alt. Akeida) — Binding an animal for sacrifice; specifically, Avraham’s binding of Yitzhak for sacrifice to G‑d—not consummated. The binding of the sacrifice Akiba — A rabbi who lived at the time of the second Temple (died c. A.D./C.E. 133). He thought Bar Kochba was the Messiah. akrab— (alt. akrav) scorpion (pl. akrabim, akrabim) Al Chet — Literally: for the sin; an important Yom Kippur prayer listing sins for which we beg forgiveness Al Hanisim (alt. Ha-nissim) — thanksgiving for the miracles added to prayer and grace after the meal on the festivals of Chanukkah and Purim
al kol panim — nevertheless al menat — in order that Al Mikrah Megillah — the blessing before the reading of the Megillah Al Netilat Yadayim — the blessing over the washing of hands before the meal al pnei hamayim — on the surface of the waters al taarotz — do not be afraid Alef — The first letter of the Hebrew Alef-Beyt (alphabet) Alenu Leshabe’ach — a prayer of thanksgiving for being separated from the heathens
aliyah — Figuratively speaking, the “home going,” when Jews make a return to the homeland (Israel). Literally, “the going up.” Also used in synagogue service of “going up” to read from the Torah Aliyah — Literally: going up. To “have an aliyah” refers to the honor of being called up to the bimah to recite or chant the blessings over the Torah. To “make aliyah” or “go on aliyah” means to immigrate to Israel. (pl. Aliyot) aliyah leregel — pilgrimage al-killayon — incorruptibility alma — virgin almanah — widow almanot — widows almot — virgins als — since alter — old am — people Am haAretz — peasantry. Used by the Talmud and thereafter to mean ignorant … people of the land amal — toil Amen — It is true, so be it, may it become true. (also amein, oimen, omen) Amidah — Standing prayer, quietly murmured, that is part of each daily service in the synagogue, alternatively called the Tefillah or the Shemoneh Esre. A prayer, recited silently, thrice daily, while standing up, the prayer of the eighteen benedictions.
ammud — pillar Ammudei HaKehillah — Pillars of the Kehillah amol — formerly amolike times — olden times Amora — Speaker, interpreter; expounder of Talmudic (Mishnaic) law from compilation of Mishnah to redaction of entire Talmud, in Babylon (where the amoraim were known as Mar or Rav) and in Palestine (where they were designated Rabbi). Their discussions and teachings, 220-550, form the Gemara, lengthier sections of the Talmud that follow each Mishnah (pl. Amoraim) anafah — heron ana'fim — the branches anan — cloud Anan Edim — Cloud of Witnesses ananim — clouds anashim — men anashim ne’emanim — faithful men anav — humble anavah — meekness; humility anavat ruach — a spirit of meekness Anenu — a passage added to prayer on public fast days Ani Ma’amin — Literally: I believe; often sung at the seder and at Yom Hashoah observances in memory of Holocaust victims who sang this song of faith on their way to their deaths — phrase that begins each of Maimonides’ Thirteen Principles of Faith Ani Ma’amin hoda’ah — confession aniyim — poor anochiyut — selfishness Anshei K’neset Hagdolah — Sages of the Great Synod during the first part of the Second Sanctuary Period anshuldiks — pardon aphikomen — (alt. afikomen) Hebrew transliteration of Greek derivative, epikomios. That which comes last, the hidden Passover bread eaten at the seder. apikoros — skeptic; unbeliever apikorosim — unbelievers apocalyptic — ideas and teachings pertaining to the revelation (apocalypse) of the last days and the end of the world Apocrypha — A Greek adjective in the neuter plural (from apokruphos, “hidden, concealed”) denotes strictly “things concealed.” Old Testament Apocrypha, specifically the fourteen books written after the Old Testament canon was closed and which, being the least remote from the canonical books, laid strongest claim to canonicity … The body of Jewish literature written between the second century B.C. and the second century A.D., not included in the canon of the Bible apostate — one whose actions are not consistent with the standards of behavior set by his religious community; compare heretic arain getun — engrossed Aravah (pl. Aravot) — willow branch taken as one of the four species on Succot (the Feast of Tabernacles). arayot — lions arba’ah — four Arba’ah Minim (the Four Species) — Palm, myrtle, willow, and citron; another name for the lulav and etrog together, used on Sukkot arba’im — forty arbaa asar — fourteen arbaat elafim — four thousand Arbah Chayyot — Four living beings arbah pinot ha’aretz — the four corners of the earth arbaim yom varbaim lailah — forty days and forty nights arbe; arbeh — locusts arelim — uncircumcised ones ari — (alt. arye) lion Ariel — Lion of G‑d; Fireplace on G‑d’s altar Aron haKodesh — Literally: the Holy Ark. The special cabinet in which the Torah scrolls are kept in the synagogue The Holy Ark is called Heichal in Sephardic synagogues. aron met — coffin aron otzaram — chest of treasury arye (alt. ari)— lion asach — a lot of asam — barn asarah — ten Aseret Yemei Teshuvah — the ten days of penitence Asham — A guilt offering made by one who has sinned against his fellow man ashem — guilty ashir — oisher; rich man ashirim — rich ones ashirut — riches Ashkenazi — (alt. Ashicenazi) Referring to a cultural branch of Judaism that developed in northern and eastern Europe and from which most American Jews are descended. (pl. Ashkenazim, Ashicenazim) ashma; ashmah — guilt; a thing of guilt; condemnation Ashrey — Psalm 145 recited thrice daily ashrey; ashrei — happy; blessed asim — barns; granaries asir — prisoner asur — prohibited; impermissible Atah Chonantanu — a passage added to the evening prayer after the Sabbath to note the difference between the Sacred and the non-Sacred atalef — bat atarah atarot — crown[s] Ateret HaChayyim — Crown of Life Ateret HaKavod — Crown of Glory Athid Lavo — The coming age. atzamot — bones atzav — idol; image Atzeret — Conclusion; used for concluding observance of festival; word derived from “gathering” or “detention,” original meanings. Shemini Atzeret is concluding day of Sukkoth; Atzeret is Talmudic term for Shavuot, conclusion of Omer count. A festive gathering for the conclusion of a festive season, a concluding feast atzilah — noble birth atzlanit — sluggards atzlut — lazy idleness Aufruf — Calling up of the bridegroom or bridal couple for the Torah blessings on the Shabbat preceding their wedding Av — Eleventh month of Jewish year. Av Beit Din (alt. Bayt, Bet) — Father of the court—judicial president in Talmudic era, and later Av Harachamim — a prayer for the persecuted communities Av HaRoeh b’seter — Father Who Sees in secret av sela — bed rock Avaddon — destruction; hell; Abbadon avadim — servants; slaves avanim — stones avdut — slavery; bondage avel — iniquity; gross injustice avelim — mourners avelut — mourning Avelut — third period of mourning; the first year after death averah — transgression averos — sins Avi-khol — Father of all Avinu — our Father Avinu — our Father Avinu Malkenu — Literally: our Father, our King. A prayer of supplication recited on Yom Kippur. A prayer said on the Days of Penitence and fast days. Aviv — (alt. Abib) Nisan was known as Aviv/Abib prior to Babylonian captivity avla; avlah — injustice Avodah (alt. Abodah) — Service; specifically, the sacrificial Temple service as performed by high priest; today, referring to Yom Kippur observance and other synagogue rituals. Chasidic concept of life dedicated to G‑d avodah zarah — idol worship avodas — work avodas hakodesh — work of holiness avodas kodesh — worship; service avodot hakodesh — ministries avon — sin offense Avot — the Patriarchs; Fathers Avoteinu — our Fathers ayah - falcon Ayin — 16th letter of the Hebrew alef-beit (alphabet) ayin — eye ayin horo — evil eye ayir — young donkey aza — certain Azarah pl. Azarot — the Temple Courtyard. Ezrat Nashim — the outer Courtyard in the Sanctuary Azazel — Meaning unknown; used in reference to the “scapegoat,” the goat sent into the wilderness signifying removal of the nation’s sins. The Talmud thus denotes the mountain on which scapegoat is sent, to carry people’s sins into the wilderness, on Yom Kippur azarah (pl. azarot) — the Temple courtyard Azharot — a passage on the commandments in the Torah read on Shavuot azivah — abandonment Use this
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