MESSIANIC JUDAISM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
by
David Chernoff
This booklet seeks to answer many of the
most often asked questions about Messianic Judaism. The most important
fact to comprehend about Messianic Judaism is that it is centered around
the belief that Yeshua (Jesus in Hebrew) is the long promised Messiah of
Israel. He is the Messiah of whom the prophets did speak. He came and died
in atonement for our sins. He was raised on the third day and is coming
back again to reign over the entire earth. I trust and pray that as you
read this booklet you will understand what Messianic Judaism is and how
Jewish people can believe and follow Him and still remain Jewish.
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Messianic Judaism is a movement of
Jewish people from all walks of life, who believe that Yeshua (Jesus in
Hebrew) is the promised Jewish Messiah and Savior for Israel and the
world. Messianic Jews have not stopped being Jewish. On the contrary, we
have continued to remain strongly Jewish in our identity, lifestyle and
belief that Yeshua is the Jewish Messiah and the fulfillment of true
Biblical Judaism.
[Read
another excellent definition of Messianic Judaism here]
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Rabbinic Judaism is a Judaism centered
around the teachings and writings of Rabbis. Its formation began over
1,900 years ago when the second temple was destroyed in 70 A.D. Before
then, “Judaism,” or the faith of the Jewish people, was centered around
the Temple and the sacrificial system according to the Torah (the Law or
the five books of Moses). After the destruction of the temple the Rabbis
reorganized Judaism, adding many new laws, rules and traditions. Today,
their writings and commentaries (the Talmud, etc) form the foundation of
Rabbinic Judaism.
Rabbinic Judaism consists of several
branches: Orthodox (very traditional), Chasidic (Ultra-Orthodox), Reform
(liberal) Conservative, and Reconstructionist. Some within Rabbinic
Judaism are still looking for the Messiah, but they are the exceptions.
Messianic Judaism differs in that we
rely totally on the Scriptures. Our faith is the Judaism of the Bible
(Biblical Judaism) and is centered around the Messiah and the worldwide
salvation He brings. We in Messianic Judaism believe that Yeshua is the
promised Messiah and that we don’t have to go through the Sages or the
Rabbis to know G-d. We have access to G-d
because of the great atoning work of the Messiah Yeshua, who has fulfilled
us as Jewish believers and therefore has fulfilled our Judaism (Matthew
5:17).
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Gentile Christianity is the faith in
Yeshua (Jesus) as expressed by Gentile followers of Him. Gentile
Christianity today numbers over one billion people in the world, with
innumerable denominations and doctrines, all centered around Yeshua as
Savior. For most of the first century A.D. this faith in Yeshua was
predominantly Jewish. As more and more Gentiles came into the Messianic
Faith, However, some did not understand its Jewish roots and G-d’s
eternal covenant with Israel. A “de-Judaizing” process set in, a
separation from the Jewish roots of the faith and from the Jewish people.
This separation eventually led to the formation of a second wing of this
faith in Yeshua composed of Gentile believers i.e. “Christianity.”
While we feel we are one in the Spirit
with true Gentile believers, Messianic Jews have our own expression of
faith in Yeshua the Messiah. Messianic Judaism holds that it is Jewish to
believe in Yeshua and is a return to the Jewish roots of the faith. We
observe the Biblical feasts and holidays, while at the same time
maintaining that the only way to be saved and truly born again of G-d’s
Spirit is through the great atoning work of the Messiah Yeshua (Romans
11:24-25).
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Chapter Two
THE ORIGINS OF MESSIANIC JUDAISM
Messianic Judaism is actually 2,000
years old, dating back to the time of the Messiah Yeshua. Historically,
Yeshua was Jewish. He was raised in a Jewish home and ministered to Jewish
people in a Jewish land (Eretz Yisrael). His disciples were Jewish. The
apostles were Jewish. The writers of the Brit Hadashah (New Covenant or
New Testament) were Jewish, and for a time, the faith was strictly Jewish.
Some historians believe that more than one million Jewish people in the
first century A.D. believed that Yeshua was the Messiah, both in Israel
and outside of Israel (Acts
2:37-42,
4:4,
21:20)
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It was always G-d’s will
for the Gentile nations to also receive His Salvation (Isaiah
49:6,
42:6). G-d told Abraham, that through him all the nations
of the earth would be blessed (Genesis
12:1-3). At first, the early Messianic Jews did not understand that
this was G-d’s will and proclaimed the Good News of the
Messiah only to Jewish People.
Ironically, the big controversy in the
first century was not if it was Jewish to believe in Yeshua (naturally it
was) but whether Gentiles could come in without having to “become Jewish!”
When Messianic Jews finally recognized the G-d’s Salvation
was also for the Gentiles, they began to share the Messiah with non-Jews
as well as with Jews. As a result, many Gentiles throughout the Roman
Empire began to come into this Messianic faith (Acts
15:1-31)
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When the early Messianic Jews took the
Good News of the Messiah to the Gentiles, a great number were brought into
the Messianic faith. My the end of the first century A.D., the number of
Gentile believers outnumbered the Jewish believers by a ratio of two to
one! This occurred primarily because there were (and still are) more
Gentiles in the world than Jewish people.
Through the years, as the number of
Gentile believers increased, they began to dominate this Messianic faith.
Some Gentile believers, not understanding the Jewish roots of their faith
and G-d’s eternal covenant with Israel, wanted to split off
and form a separate religion divorced from their Jewish roots (Romans
11:1-2). This “de-Judaizing process” continued until Gentile
Christianity emerged as the dominant representative faith in the Messiah.
In one of the greatest paradoxes in history, it became alien for a Jew to
believe in Yeshua as his Messiah!
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Surprisingly, Messianic Judaism
continued to flourish well into the seventh century A.D., in spite of the
many pressures on the Jews to give up their Messianic faith.
First of all, the Rabbis pressured
Messianic Jews to relinquish their faith in Yeshua as the Messiah. In
addition, Gentile Christianity wanted Messianic Jews to abandon their
Jewishness. Finally, in the seventh century A.D. the rise of Islam caused
great pressure for Messianic Jews as well.
Despite all this, the real reason for
the disappearance of early Messianic Judaism was simply that Messianic
Jews lost their “vision.” They no longer saw that it was important to
remain Jewish after accepting Yeshua. This was because the majority of
believers in Yeshua were now members of Gentile Christianity.
Consequently, Messianic Jews assimilated completely into the Gentile
Christian Church.
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Even though Messianic Judaism, as a
distinct movement, faded from the ancient scene in the seventh century
A.D., there have always been Jewish believers in the Messiah Yeshua.
However, beginning in the early 1800’s, ever-increasing numbers of Jewish
people began to believe in Yeshua as the Messiah. The modern movement came
to fruition after 1967, when tens of thousands of Jewish people suddenly
accepted Yeshua.
Why 1967? Because that is when Jerusalem
came back into Jewish hands in fulfillment of a prophecy given by Yeshua
in the Brit Hadashah (Luke
21:24). This prophecy indicated that when Jerusalem was restored to
the Jewish people G-d would turn once again to His Jewish
people in national salvation. Messianic Judaism is a prophetic movement
and a direct result of the outpouring of G-d’s Holy Spirit
upon His Chosen People (Hosea
3:4-5,
Joel 2:28-29,
Deuteronomy 30:1-10).
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Chapter Three
TWENTIETH CENTURY MESSIANIC JUDAISM
While there are no concrete figures, it
has be estimated by many of those involved in the movement (and even by
those outside the movement), that there are at least 100,000 Jewish
believers in the Messiah Yeshua in the United States alone, and this
number is growing all the time.
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Today the movement of Messianic Judaism
is in many other countries throughout the world including Israel, England,
France, Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Puerto Rico,
Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and other countries. This is truly an
international movement! We believe that Messianic Judaism will eventually
spring up wherever there are communities of Jewish people throughout the
world.
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Because Yeshua is His given
Hebrew name! “Jesus” is the Hellenized-Anglicized form of “Yeshua”, which
means “Salvation.” Yeshua never heard the name “Jesus” in His lifetime. He
was always called “Yeshua”, which is very similar to “Joshua”, a common
Hebrew name at that time. Good examples of this name, in reference to the
Messiah, are in
Isaiah 62:11 in the Old Covenant and also in
Matthew 1:21 in the New Covenant.
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Some believe that “Christ” is Yeshua’s
second name or surname in the same way that we have a second or family
name. Actually, “Christ” is a title in much the same way as “President” or
“King.” This title is taken from the Hebrew word “Mashiach” or “Anointed
One,” which was translated into the Greek “Christos” and later Anglicized
to “Christ.”
The actual English translation
of “Mashiach” or “Anointed One” is “Messiah.” Once again, using “Messiah”
rather than “Christ,” is more accurate. (Examples of this title in the Old
Covenant are
Daniel 9:25,
Psalm 2:2). Also, Yeshua claimed this title of Messiah in the New
Covenant (Mark
14:61-62).
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The term “Christian” originally meant
“follower of the Christ” or “follower of the Messiah.” In and of itself,
it is a good term. Unfortunately, over time, the term “Christian” came to
mean more that simply “follower of the Messiah.”
Many people today have this dichotomy in
their minds that on the one hand there are Jews and Judaism, and on the
other there are Christians and Christianity. You are either one or the
other. Accordingly, [they think] when a Jew accepts Yeshua he “switches
over” from the Jew/Judaism side to the Christian/Christianity side, and is
no longer a Jew but a Christian. For all intents and purposes, the term
“Christian” has become synonymous with “non-Jew” or “Gentile.”
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Because we believe that Yeshua is the
fulfillment or completion of Biblical Judaism. As Jews, we have completed
or fulfilled what G-d wants us to do as Jewish people, that
is, accept the Messiah Yeshua as our atonement for sin and come into a
personal relationship with G-d.
Yeshua never intended to start a new
religion: He came to fulfill the Law and the Prophets. Therefore, how
could we, as Jewish people, by accepting the Jewish Messiah become
non-Jews? On the contrary, we believe that Yeshua has fulfilled our Jewish
heritage and faith. We have not converted to another faith, but rather we
have been completed because we have found true Biblical Judaism through
the Messiah Yeshua (Matthew
5:17).
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Chapter Four
MESSIANIC JEWISH LIFESTYLE
Messianic Synagogues are the heart of
the Messianic Movement, Messianic communities, and the center of Messianic
life. A Messianic synagogue is where we can collectively believe in
Yeshua, live a Jewish lifestyle, raise our children to be Jewish, and
worship the G-d of Israel in a Jewish manner with Jewish
believers.
Interestingly enough, just as Messianic
Judaism is not new, Messianic synagogues are not new either. Actually, we
find they have existed for two thousand years! From Biblical historical
records, we know that there were Messianic synagogues throughout the Roman
Empire and beyond, as early as 50 A.D.! (James
1:1,
2:2;
Hebrews 10:25).
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There are well over 125 Messianic
synagogues and congregations throughout the United States. There are also
many in Israel and other parts of the world. Messianic synagogues range in
size anywhere from 10 to 115 up to several hundred members. Many have
their own synagogue buildings, Messianic day schools, and Messianic
communities.
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Most Messianic Jews celebrate the
Biblical festivals, i.e. Passover, Shavuot (the Feast of Weeks), Rosh
Hashanah (the traditional Jewish New Year, the Feast of Trumpets), Yom
Kippur (the Day of Atonement), Sukkot (the Feast of Tabernacles), Hanukkah
(the Feast of Dedication of Lights) and Purim.
We celebrate all of the feasts
because it is instructed by G-d in the Torah for Israel to
observe these festivals forever (Leviticus
23:21,
31,
41,
Exodus 12:14). The Messiah Yeshua observed these festivals as did the
early Messianic Jews and apostles such as Rabbi Shaul or Paul (Acts
20:16,
1 Corinthians 16:8,
Acts 28:17). We also believe that when the Messiah Yeshua returns to
this earth these festivals will be re-established worldwide (Zechariah
14:16-21).
When we, as Messianic Jews, celebrate
the festivals, we do so in a Messianic way, with the view that Yeshua is
the fulfillment of all of these Holy Days (i.e. He is our Passover Lamb,
our Atonement on Yom Kippur, etc.)
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Generally speaking, Messianic Jews do
not celebrate Christmas and Easter. There is no place in the Scriptures
that command us to celebrate the Birth or Resurrection of the Messiah.
Apparently, none of the early believers, Jewish or Gentile, celebrated
these two days, as there is no mention of it in the Brit Hadashah (New
Covenant).
That does not mean that Messianic Jews
are against Christmas or Easter (Romans
14). During the Christmas season we do not have Christmas trees, give
gifts, or have Christmas parties. At the same time, we do recognize the
importance of the Birth of the Messiah and rejoice with believers who are
celebrating this day throughout the world. Similarly on Easter, while we
do not have special services and Easter egg hunts, we do believe in the
resurrection of the Messiah and an rejoice in its celebration at this
time.
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General worship and praise is
the overall action of man coming to G-d to exalt Him, to pay
respect to Him and to esteem Him (Psalm
66:1-4,
95:1-7,
22:3). “Davidic” Worship and Praise goes back to the style,
principles, guidelines, and pattern that King David was shown by the Lord
(1 Chronicles
28:11-13) and that he established in the Temple nearly 3,000 years
ago.
As King David taught from the
Scriptures, this type of praise and worship involves numerous musical
instruments, singing, Hebraic music, psalms, lifting up of hands,
chanting, clapping of hands, processions, and is also characterized by
great joy. Probably, the most unusual characteristic of “Davidic” Worship
and Praise is dancing to the Lord. This is not dancing in a secular sense.
While Messianic dancing uses a strong Israeli-Hebraic style, it is dancing
unto the Lord in praise and worship as King David did and taught (2 Samuel
6:14).
“Davidic” Worship and Praise is one of
the great distinguishing traits of the Messianic Movement. It is a return
to our Jewish roots in praising G-d and it is a cultural and
spiritual expressing of our faith in the Jewish Messiah.
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Yes and no. The Torah (or Law of Moses)
is composed of the 613 Mitzvot, or commandments, in the Tenach (Old
Covenant or Testament) that G-d gave to Moses on Mount Sinai
involving the festivals, the Ten Commandments, sacrifices, kashrut (kosher
laws), etc. Generally speaking, Gentile Christianity today maintains that
the Law is completely dead now that Yeshua has come and that we should
have nothing to do with it.
We, as Messianic Jews, recognize that
one cannot be saved through the Law, because the only way to be saved
through the Law is to keep all of the commandments perfectly (Deuteronomy
27:26). This is impossible because we have a sinful nature (Ecclesiastes
7:20). At the same time, while the Law cannot save, it is far from
being dead. The moral precepts of the Ten Commandments are carried into
the New Covenant. The Festivals are for eternity. Shabbat (or the Sabbath)
on the seventh day was instituted before the Law was given, as was
tithing, which most believers practice today.
There are many other areas of the Law
that are valuable to us today as well. Rabbi Shaul (Paul) in the New
Covenant makes it very clear that all believers have liberty in the
Messiah Yeshua (Galatians
5:1), which means freedom from the Law as well as freedom to keep the
Law as we so desire. Rabbi Shaul kept the Law as much as he could, as did
the other early Messianic Jews, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit (Acts
28:17).
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Most Messianic Jews support Israel
unequivocally and unconditionally. We support Israel not only because we
believe our Jewish people need a national homeland, but also because we
believe that the re-establishment of the State of Israel is a direct
fulfillment of Biblical prophecy. We believe that G-d has
done this supernaturally as predicted from Scriptures centuries ago (Ezekiel
36:24,
37:1-14).
We know that Israel is not a perfect
nation, but believe that G-d’s hand is behind Israel, and
that our people will never be driven out of their land again (Amos
9:11)! While G-d loves the Arab nations, Eretz Yisrael
(land of Israel), is the land that G-d gave to His Jewish
people. We also believe that all believers should support Israel as should
the United States because G-d promised to Abraham: “I will
bless them that bless you, and curse them that curse you.” (Genesis
12:3)
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Chapter Five
MESSIANIC JUDAISM AND GENTILE BELIEVERS
Obviously, this is a question that has
been debated for centuries. One cannot be considered Jewish strictly on
the basis of religion, because most Jewish people today are not religious.
The same applies to any definition of a Jew based on culture, as well.
According to Rabbinic Judaism, to be considered a Jew, one must have
Jewish parents (in particular a Jewish mother).
This rabbinic definition is
not Biblically correct. The Scriptural definition of a Jew is three-fold.
First of all, we’re a nation and a people. To be considered Jewish one
must be a physical descendant of Abraham through Isaac and Jacob (Genesis
12:1-3). Secondly, the Biblical lineage is patrilineal (i.e., carried
through the father) not matrilineal or carried through the mother. For
example, Moses had a Gentile wife and King David’s great grandmother was
Ruth, the Moabitess, yet their children were all considered Jewish.
Finally, the Scriptures indicate that if
either parent is Jewish or if a grandparent is Jewish one can identify
himself or herself as being Jewish and can claim himself as part of
G-d’s Chosen people.
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When a Jew marries a Gentile
there is an inherent danger of assimilation into Gentile society, and
therefore a serious risk of being permanently lost to the nation of
Israel. Rather than assimilating, we believe that it is G-d’s
will for the intermarried couple to be Jewish, to live a Jewish lifestyle,
and to raise their children as Jews in much the same way that Ruth the
Moabitess made her choice to become part of the Jewish nation (Ruth
1:16-17). Even in the New Covenant, Rabbi Shaul (Paul) had Timothy
circumcised into the nation of Israel because his mother was Jewish and
his father was not (Acts
16:3).
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In Temple days a “middle wall of
partition’ existed in the Temple that physically separated Jews and
Gentiles. Gentiles could not enter past that point and were delegated to
what was sometimes called the “Court of the Gentiles.”
According to the New Covenant
Scriptures, this “middle wall of partition,” spiritually speaking, has
been broken down (Ephesians
2:14). We are all one in Him. In fact, according to Rabbi Shaul,
Gentile believers have entered a Jewish faith (Romans
11:24), and have become spiritually circumcised and spiritually Jewish
as they have accepted the Jewish Messiah.
Gentile believers are one with us
because the spirit of G-d dwelling within a Jewish believer
is the same Spirit within a Gentile believer. Our ethnicity, heritage and
background may be different, but G-d has made us one in the
Spirit (Ephesians
2:18;
4:1-6).
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Yes, and most Messianic congregations do
have non-Jewish members. To be a member of a Messianic congregation as a
Gentile believer, one must have a burden and love for the Jewish people,
understand what G-d is doing among the Jewish people, and
have a “Ruth-like” calling to G-d’s Chosen People. Praise
G-d for the many wonderful Gentile believers who have such a
love for Israel!
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Generally speaking, Jewish
believers in the Messiah Yeshua should be members of Messianic synagogue.
The reason? Because we have an eternal covenant with G-d that
goes back to Abraham. Our history is unique in that we were not just
chosen out of many nations, but were formed by G-d through
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to be a special blessing to this world.
G-d has a purpose and calling for the nation of Israel and this
covenant relationship is eternal (Genesis
17:1-8).
If G-d has made an eternal
covenant with us as Jewish people, then it is incumbent upon us to keep
our covenant relationship with Him. It is G-d’s desire for
Jewish people not to assimilate but to continue to be Jewish. That desire
and our eternal relationship with G-d is evidenced by the
preservation of the Jewish people for the past 2,000 years, and the fact
that G-d has supernaturally restored the State of Israel
today.
The primary way a Jewish believer can
continue to live a live as a Jew and not assimilate away from his Jewish
people is to be a member of a Messianic synagogue. In a Messianic
synagogue, a Jewish believer can continue to worship the Lord in a Jewish
way, celebrate the Jewish festivals, raise his children as Jews and be a
testimony to his family and his people.
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Words are powerful. The terms,
expressions, titles and labels that we use in every day life are crucial
in expressing ourselves to one another. For instance, in the realm of
politics terms such as hawk, dove, liberal, conservative, left-wing,
right-wing, Republican and Democrat all help to identify concepts and
positions.
In Messianic Judaism, terminology is
also extremely important. The last two thousand years of history have
seemingly boxed us into an undesirable dichotomy that exists in the minds
of people. This thinking purports that one is either Jewish or a member of
Christianity. We as Messianic Jews say that this is not true. We believe
that it is Jewish to believe in the Messiah Yeshua and that He is the
fulfillment of Biblical Judaism.
Consequently, we have created and
developed a new language to more effectively express our faith. By using
Messianic terminology, we accomplish a number of things. First of all, we
put Yeshua back within the proper Biblical and historical Jewish context
from which he was uprooted. Secondly, we are educating many people today
to the Jewish roots of this faith in Messiah Yeshua. Finally, this
Messianic language simply is oftentimes more accurate historically and
Biblically (e.g. the name of Yeshua).
I encourage all Messianic believers to
use this terminology, to change your language in order to more clearly
express your Jewish faith in the Messiah Yeshua (1 Corinthians
9:19-22). Here are some of the most important terms to understand:
Yeshua: the actual Hebrew name for “Jesus,” meaning
“salvation;” “Jesus” is the Hellenized- Anglicanized form of “Yeshua.”
Messiah: “the Anointed One:” a title like president
or king; in the Greek it was translated to “Christos” and then anglicized
to “Christ.”
Messianic Judaism: the movement of Jewish people who
have come to believe that Yeshua is the promised Messiah of Israel. This
movement is worldwide and is the fulfillment of prophecy (synonymous with
“true Biblical Judaism.”)
Messianic Jew: a Jew who believes that Yeshua is the
Messiah and remains Jewish in lifestyle and worship.
Messianic Synagogue: a congregation where Messianic
believers can worship and exercise their Jewish faith in the Messiah
Yeshua.
Messianic Rabbi: literally “teacher,” the spiritual
leader of a Messianic synagogue. [Note:
In many congregations, it is the practice to refer to the congregational
leader as a Messianic Rabbi if he is Jewish, and Messianic Pastor if he is
non-Jewish. RLS]
Completed Jews: Jewish people who have found the
Jewish Messiah, have not converted to another religion but are fulfilled
in their Judaism and heritage in the Messiah Yeshua.
Brit Hadasha: the New Covenant or New Testament;
books written in the first century by Jewish writers who believed and
followed the Messiah Yeshua.
Tenach: Old Covenant or Old Testament.
Rabbi Shaul: Paul of the New Covenant: he was a
rabbi who studied under the feet of the famous Rabbi Gamaliel in the first
century. (Acts
22:3)
Mikveh or Immersion: Mikveh is the actual
pool of water and immersion is the Jewish ceremony of being “immersed” in
water for purification as commanded in the Old Covenant. In the New
Covenant, the Immersion also symbolizes purification when believers in
Yeshua publicly confess their faith in the Messiah Yeshua. (Christians use
the term “Baptism” for this Jewish ceremony).
Yochanan the Immerser: John the Immerser or Baptist.
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While many of us have had a dynamic
personal experience with the Lord that has helped convince us that Yeshua
is the Messiah, the primary evidence that Yeshua is truly the Jewish
Messiah of Israel is in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves (i.e. the Tenach
or the Old Covenant.)
In the Tenach, there are prophecies or
predictions about the “Anointed One.” Over 25 prophets, covering a period
of 1,500 years, gave predictions about the Coming One. The only way to
know if Yeshua is the Messiah is to go back to the Scriptures and study
these prophecies (1 Peter
1:10-12,
2 Peter 1:19-21).
This issue concerning Yeshua not having
brought worldwide peace is a result of a misconception many have about the
purpose of the Messiah. The Messiah was not just to come to bring peace to
the whole world. More than half the prophecies about the Messiah speak of
His coming and dying for the sins of the world. Many rabbis recognized
that the Messiah had to suffer and die, and rabbinic literature at one
time speaks of two Messiah coming: Messiah Ben-Joseph (the Suffering
Messiah) and Messiah Ben-David (the Conquering Messiah).
In reality, there are not two Messiahs
coming at one time, but one Messiah coming twice. The first time to suffer
and die for the sins of the world, and the second time to set up His
Kingdom over the entire world (Isaiah
53). Prophetically, we are very near to the Second Coming of the
Messiah Yeshua (Matthew
24:3-21).
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The next step is for you to grow
spiritually in the Lord until you become a strong, mature believer (Colossians
2:6,7). When you first accept the Messiah Yeshua and come into
G-d’s Kingdom, you are “young in the Lord” or, as Scriptures say, a
spiritual “babe” (1 Peter
2:1-3).
God wants you to begin to grow
spiritually, to develop your own personal relationship with Him. You can
do this by studying the Work of G-d, developing a strong
prayer life, staying in fellowship with other believers (1 John
3:14), attending services (Hebrews
10:25) and putting the Lord first in your life. Your sins are atoned
for. You have begun a new life in Him. You are a changed person. Praise
G-d for this wonderful new life you have with the G-d
of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob!
Baruch Ha Shem! (Praise the Lord!)
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